Intensive Reading

Intensive Reading

The Intensive Reading Technique is reading for a high degree of comprehension and retention over a long period of time.  It is basically a study technique for organizing readings that will have to be understood and remembered.  Intensive reading is not a careful, single reading, but is a method based on a variety of techniques like scanning, the surveying technique of planning your purpose, and others.

Principle of intensive reading

Overview, purpose, questions, reading, summarize, test, and understanding are the seven procedures that cover the method, for very effective reading for detailed comprehension and long retention.

1. Overview: 

As you get an overview of a long section, you may only survey part and skim the sections that are hard to understand.  From this you should get the general theme and main ideas and the important topics and questions discussed, and the major conclusions. 

2. Planning Purpose: 

Planning your purpose means to take a few seconds before you begin your reading to formalize or clearly state to yourself what you wish to get from the reading.  This will give us the most useful "mental set" for getting the information we need.

3. Question: 

A good time to record questions is after your overview and planning purpose.  The questions should be in the same sequence as they appear in the material, if possible.  This does not prevent adding new questions, but it does prevent forgetting about an important question that occurs to you during the overview.  Ideally, the headings can be converted into questions which will provide a suitable outline of the important information in the selection.  When this is not the case, the basic interrogatives of who, what, when, why and how, frequently supply aid in suggesting important concepts in almost all reading selections.  You have to respond to learn.

4. Reading:  The most familiar technique and the heart of intensive reading are to read carefully and thoughtfully.  Reading here means not only the familiar line-by-line reading, but reading that is guided by our purpose and questions.  Also be sure and read the material you covered while obtaining an overview.
5. Summarizing:  An important part of summarizing is organizing the ideas and supporting points.  This organizing should begin in the reading but should be finalized and expressed in the notes.  Generally, each paragraph will have one or two ideas.  It is important to state in your own words, aloud, the points you wish to remember.  The most effective type of summarizing, which lends itself to both organizing and testing, is an outline of questions reflecting major ideas and concepts.  The sub points are indented to show clearly that they are related to the main point in a supporting role.  By using questions as headings, the outline can be started before reading on the basis of the overview.  It allows the answers to the questions to guide the reading, rather than be automatically summarized as a few brief points.  A topic that does not lend itself to the question style can be included as a statement.

There are other techniques you may use.  One is underlining.  However, its faults tend to outweigh its value.  If you must underline, restrict yourself to clear, concise definitions or statements.  Another technique is marginal notes and questions.  You may (with practice and discretion) elaborate, raise questions, and relate and organize certain important concepts or points in this manner.

6. Testing:  The next step is testing you.  It is vital that you recall rather just recognize the answers.  This means that you test yourself with an essay or a fill-in-the-blank type of test.  This simply means you must "produce" the answer; just as you often have to in class.  This testing seems to "set" or "fix" the information more firmly in your mind so that you will retain it better.  Re-reading and other forms of recognition do not produce as high a level of retention.  This testing may occur after paragraphs, or after sections, or at the end of the selection.  The rule to follow is to deal with closely related thoughts that are not too many for you to consider at one time.

Understanding:  The end product of the steps in intensive reading is to be sure that you understand every important question.  If you omit a point, or answer a question incorrectly, you should go back and review that point immediately.  You may do this by reviewing your summarizing notes, or by re-reading parts of the selection that are not clear, or where the information is scattered, by scanning to locate the forgotten parts.

What is Extansive Reading

Definition of Extensive reading

Extensive Reading usually means reading a lot of self-selected easy, interesting texts, and doing few or no exercises afterwards.

Extensive reading is order to gain a general understanding of what is read. It is intended to develop good reading habits, to build up knowledge of vocabulary and structure, and to encourage a liking for reading. E.g. any interested books, novels, magazines and newspaper reading.

Purposes of Extensive Reading

The purposes of reading are usually related to pleasure, information and general understanding. The purposes are determined by the nature of the material and the interests of the student. Typically ER involves reading massive amounts of very simple material so that the learner can read smoothly, confidently and pleasurably.

Another aspect of ER is that the learner should be reading a wide variety of texts such as novels, mystery, poems etc.

Characteristics of Extensive Reading

Students read as much as possible, perhaps in and definitely out of the classroom.

A variety of materials on a wide range of topics is available so as to encourage reading for different reasons and in different ways.

Students select what they want to read and have the freedom to stop reading material that fails to interest them.

Reading is individual and silent, at the student's own pace, and, outside class, done when and where the student chooses.

Reading speed is usually faster rather than slower as students read books and other material they find easily understandable.

Benefits of Extensive Reading

ER helps develop general, world knowledge.
Most, students have a rather limited experience and knowledge of the world they inhabit both cognitively and affectively. ER opens windows on the world seen through different eyes. This educational function of ER cannot be emphasized enough. Learn new vocabulary and review old vocabulary

It can motivate learners to read

Reading material selected for extensive reading programs should address students' needs, tastes and interests, so as to energize and motivate them to read the books.

ER helps improve writing.
There is a well-established link between reading and writing. Basically, the more we read, the better we write. Commonsense would indicate that as we meet more language, more often, through reading, our language acquisition mechanism is primed to produce it in writing or speech when it is needed. Extensive reading is effective means of fostering improvements in students writing.

It helps to build confidence with extended texts

Classroom reading work has traditionally focused on the exploitation of shorts texts, either for presenting lexical and grammatical points or for providing students with limited practice in various reading skills and strategies. However, a large number of students in the world require reading for academic purposes, and therefore need training in study skills and strategies for reading longer texts and books. Extensive reading is developing students’ confidence and ability in facing these longer texts.





What is the difference between intensive and extensive reading?

Intensive reading - you read with concentration and great care in order to understand exactly the meaning of what you read.
Extensive reading - you read as many different kinds of books/journals/papers as you can, chiefly for pleasure, and only needing a general understanding of the content.

Reading text books (academic) is Intensive reading.
Reading novels, Magazines, Newspapers is extensive reading.

Extensive reading is also referred as passive reading .Intensive or active.

Why do ER? To find better and effective ways for students to enjoy reading and learning through English, where they make more and more of the choices and decisions about what they read and how they read; where they are also guided to reflect on their learning and to set specific goals for themselves, and can make intelligent decisions about how to reach those goals. It excellent way to get students into the habit of reading and it contributes to vocabulary acquisition.

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Types of Communication barriers

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Communication barriers are the main problem that occur in our effective commutation process.

it can be technical,verbal, non verbal

Technical Communication barriers

1)
technical mean your media which you are using is not working proper.
firstly you should check your media it can be news latter, newspaper,
radio, T.V , internet (like im using). our daily mail box.

   
1.1)  if we use news latter to send for some information we have to
check, what is psyche of our receiving person,  on which place or Rank
he/she working.      (for effective results )

2)   for T.V firstly you have to check signals of you channel in community in which you want spread your massage....

 Verbal Communication barriers

 this type of communication barriers  happen
when we did`t know about language and proper meanings of our words that
we select for our audiences, because we know  language style of each
society change after250 m.      it can be miss use of  helping verbs or
sentence ,  for example

       stop, don`t! let them go

       stop ! don`t let them go

Non verbal Communication Barriers

 in non verbal barriers we talk about body language, symbols, signs,  signals etc

   symbols for different societies are different,   for example thumb sighs are different in America and different meanings  in Russia ...

 color are also different in different areas of example Red color is use for danger, but in china it is spiritual color ..

(if you want some more or detail barriers )

      

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How To Deal

Today, My first post . i am very happy. because i am going to think

1) how can we become more effective in Communication

2) how can we win confidence of our audience

3) how to work in effective way

I will write about all things that can make you communication more effective