As I Think

When we talk about our Mistakes its mean we make some thing wrong that can we improve. Managers are authorities that manage some type of shops, project, events, organizations. both on large scale or small scale. Different type of responsibilities that a manager pay attention. I will write about how many times and which type of Mistake mostly managers are do while communicating. Many individual possess a wealth of technical knowledge and are highly competent. But when it come to assigning projects, conveying expectations and motivating employees they FAIL. This Failure can be damage your image and thinking stamina.

Some common mistakes that managers are mostly make

1. Lack of Clarity: Very often managers think that when they give directions or take decisions, everyone around them will easily understand clearly and follow them. Every person around is not able to understand same as other person is perceiving. because it depend on our personal experience and educational background. Managers are disturbed when they find the results are not same as what they expected. This happen when they are not clear in giving orders to their subordinates and work with lots of preset assumptions in mind. Manager need to ensure that other understand what they are trying to cover. They can ensure that by asking questions about the order. they can make a polite comment on every-one qualities and past work.

How Effectively Communicate with Employees To Increase Your Business Strength?

2. Lack of Empathy: Some manager find it difficult to empathize with their employees on the personal and professional front. Employees expect to be treated with respect. Studies show that employees working under empathetic manager are more motivated and respond favorably. Make a friendly environment that employe can share information and ideas with you. Strictness is Important with rules but you need to Make employe able to share with you. its depend on requirement and policies of your company .

Politics is word form old Greek which means "Citizen". also known as affairs of city . in below presentation you can get all information in a arranged form.

Power beyond the rules

View more presentations from kaka ptaka

This presentation is about
what is politics?
what are the types?
politics in global perceptive
Power?
Types of political parties
theoretical perceptive of Power.
Power and Economy
Power and War
Power beyond the lines

Meanings of politics

It is a “Greek” word relating to the “citizen”.

The dictionary meanings of politics is that

“The art or science of government or governing, especially the governing of a political entity, such as a nation, and the administration and control of its internal and external affairs.”

· Definition of politics:

Politics is the social institutions that distributes power, sets society goals, & makes decisions.

· Politics & economy:

Politics & economy are closely connected.

Politics creates & oversees the rule of law in the society. The economy effects each family & persons in society.

The growing economy makes for good time personally & politically.

· Power:

“the ability to achieve desired ends despite resistance from others”.

Government:

“a formal organization that directs the political life of society.”

Authority:

” power that people perceive as legitimate rather than coercive”.

· Types of authority:

1. Traditional authority:

traditional authority is the power legitimized by respect for long established cultural patterns,

2. Rational legal authority:

“power legitimized by legally enacted rules & regulations.”

3. Charismatic authority:

“ power legitimized by extraordinary person’s abilities that inspire devotion & obedience”

· Types of political parties:

· Radical Parties:

Radical Parties aim at the abolition of all the existing socio-economics and political arrangements as these are sick of all traditional ideas and institutions.

· Reactionaries

Reactionaries wish that there was a way to return to the “ good old ways”; where Government did influence every day life & people could settle their problems.

· Liberal Parties:

Liberal parties aim at the betterment and the reformation of the contemporary realities and the existing institutions.

· Conservative Parties:

Conservative parties believe in the preservation of all institutions and structure in their original form and resist swift changes. In their membership are included, big landlords , industrialists and those who love old tradition

· Politics in Global Perspective

According to the Sociology in our Times, “politics is the social institution through which power is acquired and exercised by some people and groups”. Politics brings about power and authority to those with power. Unfortunately politics often times brings about corruption and abuse of the power or authority gained. There are four major theories of political systems Monarchy, Authoritarianism, Totalitarianism, and Democracy….

· Monarchy (with Latin and Greek roots meaning “one ruler”) is a political system in which a single
family rules from generation to generation .A monarchy is a system in which power is passed down to each generation in a family by inheritance and it is commonly found in the ancient agrarian societies

· Monarchy

· There are two types of monarchy…

Absolute monarchy
Constitutional monarchy

· Types of Monarchy

Monarchies are associated with political hereditary rule, in which monarchs rule for life and pass the responsibilities and power of the position to their children or family when they die. Most monarchs, both historically and in the modern day, have been born and brought up within a royal family

· Characteristics, Powers and Roles of Monarchs

and the monarch rules as an autocrat, with absolute power over the state and government—for example, the right to rule, promulgate laws and impose punishments.

Monarchs have various titles including king or queen, prince
or princess emperor or even
duke or grand duke. Islamic monarchs use titles such as Shah, Caliph, Sultan Emir and Sheikh.

· The term "democracy" originates from the Greek word demos meaning "people" and kratos meaning "power".A democracy is a government where the people rule either directly or indirectly through representatives. In other words, “A political system that gives power to the people as a whole”.

· Democracy

· There are two types of democracy….

Direct democracy
Indirect Democracy

· Types of Democracy

Some nations prevent their people from having a voice in politics. Authoritarianism is “A political system that denies the people participation in government”. An authoritarianism government is indifferent to people’s needs and offers them no voice in selecting leaders.

· Authoritarianism

This is a form of government that doesn't consider it's people's opinions and thoughts. They use force often and do not hold elections. There is usually one person or a small group in charge of the government. Examples of Authoritarian Government are North Korea, Burma, Zimbabwe Libya, Myanmar, and Uzbekistan etc….

Characteristics and Examples of Authoritarian Government

Totalitarianism is a modern autocratic government in which the state involves itself in all facets of society, including the daily life of its citizens. A totalitarian government seeks to control not only all economic and political matters but the attitudes, values, and beliefs of its population.

· Totalitarianism

Democracy……………. “Rule by the people”
Monarchy………………… “Rule by one person”
Authoritarianism……………….. “Rule of the few
Totalitarianism……………… “Rule by the Government”

By c.wright mills

that a small upper class holds most of societies wealth ,prestige and power. he clamed that the power elite head up the three major sectors of society the economy the government and military. thus the economy made up of the super rich .

Marxist political-economy model
BIAS IN THE SYSTEM IT SELF.

An analysis that explains politics in terms of the operation of a society’s economic system.

where as power elite model focuses on the disproportionate wealth and power of certain individuals. the Marxist political-economy model bias rooted with in this institutions especially it's economy.

Karl max clamed that a society economic system( capitalists or socialist)shapes its political system.

· POWER BEYOND THE RULES

In politics there is always disagreement over a society’s goals and the means to achieve them a political system tries to resolve these controversies within a system of rules. But political activity some time breaks the rules or tries to do away with the entire system.

· Revolution

Political revolution is the overthrow of one political system in order to establish another. While reform involves change within a system, revolution means change of the system itself. Several general patterns characterize revolutions.

· Rising expectations

Common sense suggests that revolution would be more likely when people are severely deprived. But history shows that most revolutions occur when people’s lives are improving, rising expectations, rather then bitterness and despair, make revolutions more likely.

· Unresponsive government

Revolutions become more likely when government is unwilling to reform itself, especially when demands for reform by powerful segments of society are ignored.

· Radical leadership by intellectuals

The English philosopher Thomas Hobbes claimed that intellectuals provide the justification for revolution, and universities are often the center of political change.

· Establishing a new legitimacy

Over throwing a political system is not easy, but ensuring a revolutions long-term success is harder still. some revolutionary movement are held together mostly by hatred of the past regime and fall apart once new leaders are in stalled.

· War and peace

· War

The most critical political issue is war, organized armed conflict among the people of various nations, directed by their governments. For almost all the 20th century, nations somewhere on earth were in violent conflict.

· Causes of war

Wars occur so often that will might think that there is something natural about conflict ,there is no evidence that human being inevitably wage war under any particular circumstances.

Indeed Ashley in 1976 points out governments around the world has to use considerable force in order to mobilize their people for war.

Like all forms of social behavior welfare is product of society the varies in purpose and intensity from place to place.

· Five factors to promote war

1. Perceived threats

2. Social problems

3. Political objectives

4. Moral objectives

5. The absence of alternative

·
Peace

To create harmony develop calmness silence is known as peace.

· Four approaches:

· Deterrent

· High technology defense

· Diplomacy

· Resolving underlying conflicts

· Politics in Pakistan and in U.S.

· In U.S.A

consistency between our democratic ideals and our low turnout at the poles…

The global rethinking of political models…

Danger of war in many parts of the world…

· In Pakistan:

increasing economic and political instability…

Current situation of Pakistan…

Pakistan in the near future…

· Conclusion

· Politics in Pakistan…

Imran Bokhari in his article on August 26th, 2011, said that :

“Our present and past rulers destroyed us completely as a Nation. We are now objects of ridicule all over the world. We, therefore, must throw these people and their agents out of our country and we must get our honor back. We are a great nation; we will either live with honor or will die. I request all my countrymen, let’s forget all our differences and emerge as a great united Nation, and don’t forget, hard work is the key to success and “Unity”, “Faith” and “Discipline” will take us above all other nations.”

I like this presentation very much. In this presentation information is very concise and full of knowledge. Presenters are also well aware and have full grip on topic. Well confident and prepared